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Symptoms and Complications of Sjogren's Syndrome

Author: Shelley Ensz. Scleroderma is highly variable. See Types of Scleroderma. Read Disclaimer
Overview
Cardiovascular
Central Nervous System
Dry Eyes
Dry Mouth
Dry Vagina
Fatigue
Fibromyalgia
Liver
Pulmonary
Renal
Skin
Newborn Heart Problems
Sjogren's and Pregnancy

Overview

Hallmark symptoms of Sjögren's include dry eyes, dry mouth, dry vagina. Sjögren's can also cause fatigue, and it can affect the skin, lungs, heart, kidneys, muscles, and central nervous system. People can also have any of the above symptoms separately, or due to other conditions.

Symptoms of Sjogren's Syndrome. Sjögren's is a systemic disease, and its symptoms are felt throughout the entire body. Sjogren's Syndrome Foundation.

Cardiovascular

Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis (CV) in primary Sjögren's Syndrome pSS): Clinical presentation, association with lymphoma and comparison with Hepatitis C-related disease. Though infrequent, pSS-CV constitutes a distinct severe clinical phenotype of pSS. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 07/27/2020. (Also see Liver and Spleen Involvement)

Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis by ultrasound radiofrequency data technology in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Radiofrequency data technology represents a non-invasive approach to the accurate and quantitative measurement of CIMT elevation and decreases in vascular elasticity. PubMed, Clin Rheumatol, 2019 Mar;38(3):709-717.

Association between primary Sjögren's syndrome, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Our study has shown an increased risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease in patients with pSS. PubMed, Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018 May-Jun;36 Suppl 112(3):190-197.

Central Nervous System

The blood-brain barrier, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and neuropsychiatric involvement in human systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's syndrome. We hypothesize that increased TWEAK and S100B result from immunological stress caused by brain-reactive antibodies produced by brain residing immune cells. PubMed, Lupus, 2018 Nov;27(13):2101-2111. (Also see SLE Symptoms)

Dry Eyes

Dry eyes are a symptom of Sjogren's syndrome.

Eye Problems Pain, redness and loss of vision are important problems that require medical attention. Eye problems can warn us of other health problems as well. familydoctor.org. (Also see Eye Involvement)

Can Gut Microbiota Affect Dry Eye Syndrome? This review may provide perspectives into the link between the gut microbiome and dry eye, enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis in autoimmune dry eye, and be useful in the development of future interventions. PubMed, Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Nov 10;21(22):8443.

Dry Mouth

Dry mouth is a symptom of Sjogren's syndrome.

Red Lips Photography by Nolan LaTourelleScleroderma Dental Involvement Scleroderma can cause many dental problems, including small mouth, dry mouth, bone reabsorption, receding ligaments, and TMJ. ISN.

Unstimulated whole salivary flow in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS): systematic literature review and meta-analysis. For the first time, the unstimulated whole salivary flow rate is found to be lower in patients with Sjögren's syndrome compared to controls (healthy and non-SS sicca) through a meta-analysis. PubMed, Adv Rheumatol, 2021 Feb 3;61(1):8. (Also see Xerostomia)

Dental implants in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS): a case series and a systematic review. Dental implants should be considered by dentists as a viable treatment option for patients with SS, as the failure rate is fairly low. PubMed, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 02/28/2019. (Also see Dental Implants)

Androgens and Integrins in Salivary Glands in Sjögren's Syndrome (SS). In SS salivary glands androgen regulation was defective, which is likely to contribute to defective outside-in signaling, acinar atrophy, and ductal cell hyperplasia. P.Parola. Journal of Rheumatology.

Dry Vagina

Sjogren's Syndrome - 10 Things You Should Know. Some Sjogren's syndrome patients also experience dryness of the skin, vagina, nasal passages, and throat. VeryWell.

Vaginal dryness in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS): a histopathological case-control study. Vaginal dryness in primary SS might be caused by vascular dysfunction, possibly induced by interferon-mediated pathways. PubMed, Rheumatology (Oxford), 02/11/2020.

The impact of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) on female sexual function. The genital disorders secondary to SS can strongly alter the quality of female life both physically and psychologically as they alter sexuality. PubMed, Minerva Ginecol, 2020 Feb;72(1):50-54. (Also see Sexuality and Scleroderma)

Fatigue

Fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is associated with lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines: a validation study. Consistent with the original study, pain, depression, and proinflammatory cytokines appear to be the most powerful predictors of fatigue in pSS. PubMed, Rheumatol Int, 2019 Nov;39(11):1867-1873. (Also see Fatigue)

Fibromyalgia

Prevalence and clinical impact of fibromyalgia (FM) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The study showed that FM was prevalent in pSS and FM was associated with higher EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index and more severe depression. PubMed, Clin Exp Rheumatol. (Also see Fibromyalgia)

Gastrointestinal

Connection between the Gut Microbiome, Systemic Inflammation, Gut Permeability and FOXP3 Expression in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS). Further studies are needed to better understand the real impact of dysbiosis on the course of pSS and to conceive preventive or therapeutic strategies to counteract microbiome-driven inflammation. PubMed, Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Nov 19;21(22):8733.

Liver

Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of Sjogren syndrome (SS). Several studies show that hepatitis C virus (HCV) is in saliva, although how this may impact sicca syndrome or SS in HCV is unclear. PubMed, J Clin Gastroenterol.

Pulmonary

Prognostic factors for primary Sjögren's syndrome-associated interstitial lung diseases (pSS-ILD). Lower %FVC and higher serum KL-6 levels are predictive factors for poor outcome in patients with pSS-ILD. Respiratory Medicine, 11/12/2019.

Pulmonary Manifestations of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Underlying Immunological Mechanisms, Clinical Presentation, and Management. Clinical manifestations of lung involvement in pSS are as varied as the underlying pathology and can be vague and non-specific, thus delaying diagnosis. PubMed, Front Immunol. 2019 Jun 12;10:1327.

Renal

Renal involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS): a prospective cohort study. Renal involvement in pSS is under–recognized with the most common manifestation being renal tubular acidosis presenting with hypokalemic paralysis. PubMed, Rheumatol Int, 2018 Dec;38(12):2251-2262.

Skin

The influence of interferon (IFN) on healthy and diseased skin. We provide information about genes and proteins induced by IFNs and how downstream mechanisms relate to clinical disease. PubMed, Cytokine, 12/06/2018.

Newborn Heart Problems

Women with Sjögren's have a higher risk of having lupus and other autoimmune diseases, and of their newborns having heart problems.

Pregnancy

Effect of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) on maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy. SS is a high-risk pregnancy condition associated with significant comorbidities and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and women with SS may benefit from increased surveillance during their pregnancies. PubMed, J Perinat Med, 2019 Aug 27;47(6):637-642.

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