| Causes of Scleroderma (MAIN MENU) |
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| Causes of Scleroderma: Genetics |
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| Ethnicity, Race and Geographical Regions |
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| Race and Ethnicity |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II alleles, haplotypes, and epitopes which confer susceptibility or protection in the fibrosing autoimmune disease systemic sclerosis (SSc): analyses in 1300 Caucasian, African-American and Hispanic cases and 1000 controls. These data indicate unique and multiple HLA class II effects in SSc, especially on autoantibody markers of different sub-phenotypes. Frank C Arnett. Ann Rheum Dis. 12 July 2009. |
| Systemic sclerosis in Sarawak: a profile of patients treated in the Sarawak General Hospital. This study demonstrates the rarity of systemic sclerosis in a multi-ethnic groups, predominantly Chinese, Sarawak natives and Malays with considerable lag time to diagnosis. Diffuse cutaneous systemic scleroderma was more common with rare pulmonary hypertension and renal involvement. C. L. The Rheumatology International 17 April 2009. |
| Ethnic Disparities Among Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Systemic Sclerosis. In this cohort of patients, African Americans were more likely to have dcSSc. Among patients with PH, African Americans presented at a younger age than their Caucasian counterparts. Incidence of diastolic dysfunction was higher in the PH population. J Rheumatol 2007 June;34:1277-82. (Also see: Pulmonary Hypertension) |
| Prevalence of renal involvement in Indian patients with systemic sclerosis. SRC (scleroderma renal crisis) is very rare in Indian patients with SSc. However, non-renal crisis abnormalities appear to be as common in Indian patients as compared to the western literature. PubMed. Indian J Med Sci. 2007 Feb;61(2):91-6. (Also see: Renal Involvement) |
| Pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc): Associations with genetic, serologic, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors. Early pulmonary involvement in SSc appears to be influenced by several factors delineated by ethnicity, including racial, socioeconomic, behavioral, and serologic determinants. PubMed. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Feb 28;57(2):318-326. (Also see: Pulmonary Involvement) |
| Racial Variation in Clinical and Immunological Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis. After adjusting for gender, disease classification, and disease duration, whites and blacks with SSc differ in some clinical and immunological manifestations of disease. Whether these differences can be attributed to genetic or environmental factors remains unknown. J Rheumatol 2006 February;33:263-8. |
| Geographical Regions |
| Anti-RNA Polymerase III Antibody Prevalence and Associated Clinical Manifestations in a Large Series of French Patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc): A Cross-sectional Study. The prevalence of anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies in French patients appeared to be lower than in the United States and similar to that in continental Europe. These antibodies were consistently associated with diffuse cutaneous disease and were the most common immunological marker for renal crisis. Anti-RNA polymerase III determination can help to risk-stratify SSc patients at high risk for this severe manifestation. Olivier Meyer.J. Rheum. Nov 16, 2009 (Also see: RNA-Polymerases Antibodies) |
| The prognostic factors of systemic sclerosis for survival among Koreans. We investigated the prognostic factors for survival of SSc among 243 Korean patients. Old age, diffuse cutaneous involvement, anti-Scl-70 antibody, and internal organ involvement are risk factors for mortality. J. Kim. Clin Rheum. 2009 Dec 3. |
| Geographical variation of disease manifestations in systemic sclerosis: a report from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) group database. This analysis suggests that eastern centres care for more severe SSc manifestations in Europe. Large differences in patient referral account for a large local variability of SSc presentations and preclude the identification of genetic or environmental factors. Walker UA. (PubMed) Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Jun;68(6):856-62. |
| Ethnic Influence on Disease Manifestations and Autoantibodies in Chinese-Descent Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. Patients of Chinese descent have milder SSc disease with less frequent joint and gastrointestinal manifestations, less severe vasculopathy, but increased prevalence of myositis and certain autoantibodies. Research is needed to identify determinants (genetic, environmental, and cultural factors) of the relationship between ethnicity and disease. Andrea H.L. Low. The Journal of Rheumatology April 1, 2009 vol. 36 no. 4 787-793. |
| Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) among Nigerians. Scleroderma among Nigerians is rare as elsewhere and there are certain common characteristics as seen elsewhere as well as certain differences. Adelowo OO. (PubMed) Clin Rheumatol. 2009 May 13. |
| Ethnicity Influence On Clinical And Immunological Manifestations In Systemic Sclerosis: Analysis Of 1139 Brazilian Patients. Ethnicity was associated with differences in the clinical and immunological presentation in a large national SSc cohort in Brazil. P. D. Sampaio-Barros AB0528 EULAR 2007. |
| Disease Subsets, Antinuclear Antibody Profile, and Clinical Features in 127 French and 247 US Adult Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. There are disease classification and SSc-related serum autoantibody differences between French and American patients with SSc. These differences help to explain variations in clinical features reported from different geographic regions. J Rheumatol 2007 January;34:104–9. (Also see: Antibodies) |
| Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis in northwest Greece 1981 to 2002. The incidence and prevalence of SSc in northwest Greece were found to be lower than those of the USA and Australia, and higher than those of northern European countries and Japan. PubMed. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;34(5):714-20. |
| Scleroderma in Australian aborigines. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) has not been reported before in Australian Aborigines. However, scleroderma does occur in indigenous Australians but further studies are needed to confirm the apparent infrequency of centromere-associated limited scleroderma (which is the commonest form of scleroderma in our Caucasian population). PubMed. Intern Med J. 2005 Jan;35(1):60-2. |
