Causes of Scleroderma
Overview
The cause of scleroderma is generally unknown, however areas being investigated include autoimmunity, environmental exposures, genetics, and infections. Many researchers feel that several factors work together to induce scleroderma, such as a genetic inclination along with exposure to a toxin or infection which triggers the illness. (Also see What is Scleroderma?, Types of Scleroderma, and Systemic Sclerosis)
Scleroderma is not believed to be contagious; you cannot get it by hugging or kissing someone or other intimate contact. There is an increased incidence of certain types other autoimmune diseases and cancer among scleroderma patients. (Also see Associated Conditions and Cancer and Scleroderma)
Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGES)
Noninvasive measurement of skin autofluorescence is increased in patients with systemic sclerosis: an indicator of increased advanced glycation endproducts? Autofluorescence is increased in patients with dcSSc compared to primary RP and to healthy controls. This suggests increased oxidative stress and the potential for autofluorescence as a biomarker. J Rheumatol, 2012 Aug;39(8):1654-8.
Molecular Defect - TGF Dysregulation
Causes of Scleroderma: Molecular Defect in TGFbeta/SMAD may play a role in the development of scleroderma fibrosis. ISN.
Mucosal Immune System
Researchers Discover New Immune System. A San Diego State University biology researcher discovered immunity defense in an unlikely place: Mucus. Stanford Report, 06/18/2013.
Natural Killer Cells
Natural killer cells are cells in the immune system that destroy cancer cells and virus-infected cells. ISN.
Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation
Oxidative Stress is an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants that can result in cellular degeneration. ISN.
Platelet Aggregation
Platelet aggregation is the clumping of platelets together, using fibrin (a protein involved in the clotting of blood) as the connecting agent. Widipedia.
Proteins
Increased expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). A correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities. These two proteins may play important roles in the development of systemic sclerosis. PubMed, Clin Rheumatol, 2013 Jun 11.
Researchers implicate well-known protein in fibrosis. We now know that TLR4 plays a role in scleroderma, but much research remains to be done to develop safe and effective drugs to inhibit this pathway. EurekAlert, 11/20/12.
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